Some of my modules were made with a Delptronics Module Construction Set. This includes an alumin(i)um front panel with a drilling template printed on it.
Other modules use PCBs that I designed, so the front panel is a PCB with holes.
The graphics are designed in Inkscape, laser printed on adhesive-backed paper, and covered with a clear adhesive lamination sheet. That does make the panels very shiny, which could cause annoying glare depending on the lighting. It’s not a problem in my setup.
For filler panels, I use chipboard with graphics printed as above.